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SMD code search: identify a part by its marking

1 part is printed F-R. 116 printed with a similar-looking code.

Not sure which one you have?

Answer up to 4 quick questions and these 50 parts are ranked, with a meter test that settles it. It works on a dead part too.

The only part printed F-R in our tables

2PA1576R

What it is
PNP transistor
Maker
Nexperia
Package
SOT-323
Pins
3
Details
gp pnp hfe 180-390
Source
Published code list

Is it dead?

Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

Working, it reads

Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

Dead, it reads

  • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
  • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
  • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
  • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
On the board
this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
Compare:
If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
Watch for:
A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

Was it this one?

Printed with a code easy to misread

These parts are printed with a character that is easy to misread as what you typed. The odd one out is marked on each.

  • 2SA1037printed FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, HXYPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsHXY

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    HXY
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, 50 V, 0.15 A
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1037, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA1037-3L-Rprinted FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, Galaxy MicroelectronicsPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsGalaxy Microelectronics

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    Galaxy Microelectronics
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50V, -0.15A, General Purpose PNP Bipolar Transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1037-3L-R, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA1037-Rprinted FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, Galaxy MicroelectronicsPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsGalaxy Microelectronics

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    Galaxy Microelectronics
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50V, -0.15A, General Purpose PNP Bipolar Transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1037-R, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA1037/AK-Rprinted FRSOT-23Transistor, 3 pins, YFWTransistorSOT-233 pinsYFW

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    Transistor
    Maker
    YFW
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    From the base, one probe colour reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1037/AK-R, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA1037AKT146Rprinted FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, HXYPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsHXY

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    HXY
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, 50 V, 0.15 A
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1037AKT146R, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA1037Kprinted FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, JSCJPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsJSCJ

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    JSCJ
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, PNP
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1037K, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA1576A-Rprinted FRSOT-323PNP transistor, 3 pins, Galaxy MicroelectronicsPNP transistorSOT-3233 pinsGalaxy Microelectronics

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    Galaxy Microelectronics
    Package
    SOT-323
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50V, -0.15A, General Purpose PNP Bipolar Transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1576A-R, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA1576ARprinted FRSOT-323PNP transistor, 3 pins, HXYPNP transistorSOT-3233 pinsHXY

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    HXY
    Package
    SOT-323
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, 50 V, 0.15 A
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1576AR, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA1774-Rprinted FRSOT-523PNP transistor, 3 pins, Galaxy MicroelectronicsPNP transistorSOT-5233 pinsGalaxy Microelectronics

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    Galaxy Microelectronics
    Package
    SOT-523
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50V, -0.15A, General Purpose PNP Bipolar Transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1774-R, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA1774CR-R-Cprinted FRSOT-523Transistor, 3 pins, SeCoSTransistorSOT-5233 pinsSeCoS

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    Transistor
    Maker
    SeCoS
    Package
    SOT-523
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    From the base, one probe colour reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1774CR-R-C, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA2029printed FRSOT-723PNP transistor, 3 pins, JSCJPNP transistorSOT-7233 pinsJSCJ

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    JSCJ
    Package
    SOT-723
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, PNP
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA2029, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA2029-Rprinted FRSOT-723PNP transistor, 3 pins, Galaxy MicroelectronicsPNP transistorSOT-7233 pinsGalaxy Microelectronics

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    Galaxy Microelectronics
    Package
    SOT-723
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50V, -0.15A, General Purpose PNP Bipolar Transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA2029-R, opens in a new tab
  • 6.0SMAJ54CAprinted FRSMATVS diode, 2 pins, Galaxy MicroelectronicsTVS diodeSMA2 pinsGalaxy Microelectronics

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    TVS diode
    Maker
    Galaxy Microelectronics
    Package
    SMA
    Pins
    2
    Details
    54V, 600W, Surface Mount TVS
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, from the protected line to ground, part lifted if you can.

    Working, it reads

    A one-way part reads about 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse. A two-way part reads open both ways. Arrays with several lines read as the datasheet's diagram draws them.

    Dead, it reads

    • From the line to ground, the same reading both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted.
    • A reading both ways on a one-way part: leaky.
    • A one-way part open both ways: failed open.
    On the board
    , a line reading shorted to ground can be this part or anything else on that line. Lift it: if the short goes with it, it has failed.
    Compare:
    The same part on the next line or connector pin is the healthy reading to compare with.
    Watch for:
    A two-way part reads open both ways when it is good, exactly like one that has failed open. The meter cannot tell them apart; an identical part on the next line can.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 6.0SMAJ54CA, opens in a new tab
  • ASMF8.0A-HFprinted FRSOD-123FTVS diode, 2 pins, ComchipTVS diodeSOD-123F2 pinsComchip

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    TVS diode
    Maker
    Comchip
    Package
    SOD-123F
    Pins
    2
    Details
    8 V 200 W unidirectional TVS diode
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, from the protected line to ground, part lifted if you can.

    Working, it reads

    A one-way part reads about 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse. A two-way part reads open both ways. Arrays with several lines read as the datasheet's diagram draws them.

    Dead, it reads

    • From the line to ground, the same reading both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted.
    • A reading both ways on a one-way part: leaky.
    • A one-way part open both ways: failed open.
    On the board
    , a line reading shorted to ground can be this part or anything else on that line. Lift it: if the short goes with it, it has failed.
    Compare:
    The same part on the next line or connector pin is the healthy reading to compare with.
    Watch for:
    A two-way part reads open both ways when it is good, exactly like one that has failed open. The meter cannot tell them apart; an identical part on the next line can.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor ASMF8.0A-HF, opens in a new tab
  • ATV02W8V0-HFprinted FRSOD-123FTVS diode, 2 pins, ComchipTVS diodeSOD-123F2 pinsComchip

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    TVS diode
    Maker
    Comchip
    Package
    SOD-123F
    Pins
    2
    Details
    8 V 200 W unidirectional TVS diode
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, from the protected line to ground, part lifted if you can.

    Working, it reads

    A one-way part reads about 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse. A two-way part reads open both ways. Arrays with several lines read as the datasheet's diagram draws them.

    Dead, it reads

    • From the line to ground, the same reading both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted.
    • A reading both ways on a one-way part: leaky.
    • A one-way part open both ways: failed open.
    On the board
    , a line reading shorted to ground can be this part or anything else on that line. Lift it: if the short goes with it, it has failed.
    Compare:
    The same part on the next line or connector pin is the healthy reading to compare with.
    Watch for:
    A two-way part reads open both ways when it is good, exactly like one that has failed open. The meter cannot tell them apart; an identical part on the next line can.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor ATV02W8V0-HF, opens in a new tab
  • BTA2029Y3printed FRSOT-723PNP transistor, 3 pins, CYStekPNP transistorSOT-7233 pinsCYStek

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    CYStek
    Package
    SOT-723
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50 V, -0.15 A PNP transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor BTA2029Y3, opens in a new tab
  • BZX84C36Wprinted FRSOT-323Zener diode, 3 pins, Formosa MicrosemiZener diodeSOT-3233 pinsFormosa Microsemi

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    Zener diode
    Maker
    Formosa Microsemi
    Package
    SOT-323
    Pins
    3
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range for the forward check, part lifted, red probe on the anode. A bench supply for the Zener voltage.

    Working, it reads

    About 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse on the diode range. Its Zener voltage shows only on a supply: feed it through a resistor that sets about 5 mA, cathode to positive, read quickly, and it should hold near its rated voltage.

    Dead, it reads

    • The same reading both ways round, near 0 V with a continuous beep or the same middling value: shorted.
    • Open both ways, forward too: failed open.
    • Holds well off its rated voltage on the supply test: drifted.
    • A soft knee, or a voltage that creeps on the supply test: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A meter's diode range stops at about 2 to 3 V, so almost every Zener reads open in reverse on it, good or bad; a 3 V meter may just show a 2.4 or 2.7 V part. Above about 3 V the meter cannot tell a Zener from a plain diode.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor BZX84C36W, opens in a new tab
  • BZX84C36W-Q1printed FRSOT-323Zener diode, 3 pins, Formosa MicrosemiZener diodeSOT-3233 pinsFormosa Microsemi

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    Zener diode
    Maker
    Formosa Microsemi
    Package
    SOT-323
    Pins
    3
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range for the forward check, part lifted, red probe on the anode. A bench supply for the Zener voltage.

    Working, it reads

    About 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse on the diode range. Its Zener voltage shows only on a supply: feed it through a resistor that sets about 5 mA, cathode to positive, read quickly, and it should hold near its rated voltage.

    Dead, it reads

    • The same reading both ways round, near 0 V with a continuous beep or the same middling value: shorted.
    • Open both ways, forward too: failed open.
    • Holds well off its rated voltage on the supply test: drifted.
    • A soft knee, or a voltage that creeps on the supply test: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A meter's diode range stops at about 2 to 3 V, so almost every Zener reads open in reverse on it, good or bad; a 3 V meter may just show a 2.4 or 2.7 V part. Above about 3 V the meter cannot tell a Zener from a plain diode.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor BZX84C36W-Q1, opens in a new tab
  • H2SA1037printed FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, HXYPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsHXY

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    HXY
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, 50 V, 0.15 A
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor H2SA1037, opens in a new tab
  • H2SA1037AKT146Rprinted FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, HXYPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsHXY

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    HXY
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, 50 V, 0.15 A
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor H2SA1037AKT146R, opens in a new tab
  • L2SA1037AKRLT1Gprinted FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, LRCPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsLRC

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    LRC
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, PNP, IC 150 mA, VCEO 50 V
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor L2SA1037AKRLT1G, opens in a new tab
  • L2SA1576ART1Gprinted FRSOT-323PNP transistor, 3 pins, LRCPNP transistorSOT-3233 pinsLRC

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    LRC
    Package
    SOT-323
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, PNP, IC 150 mA, VCEO 50 V
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor L2SA1576ART1G, opens in a new tab
  • L2SA2029RM3T5Gprinted FRSOT-723PNP transistor, 3 pins, LRCPNP transistorSOT-7233 pinsLRC

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    LRC
    Package
    SOT-723
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, PNP, IC 100 mA, VCEO 50 V
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor L2SA2029RM3T5G, opens in a new tab
  • MMBT2029AMprinted FRSOT-723PNP transistor, 3 pins, Good-ArkPNP transistorSOT-7233 pinsGood-Ark

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    Good-Ark
    Package
    SOT-723
    Pins
    3
    Details
    PNP transistor, 50 V, 0.15 A
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor MMBT2029AM, opens in a new tab
  • S-L2SA1037AKRLT1Gprinted FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, LRCPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsLRC

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    LRC
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, PNP, IC 150 mA, VCEO 50 V
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor S-L2SA1037AKRLT1G, opens in a new tab
  • S-L2SA1576ART1Gprinted FRSOT-323PNP transistor, 3 pins, LRCPNP transistorSOT-3233 pinsLRC

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    LRC
    Package
    SOT-323
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Bipolar transistor, PNP, IC 150 mA, VCEO 50 V
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor S-L2SA1576ART1G, opens in a new tab
  • SMBJ170CAprinted FRSMBTVS diode, 2 pins, Good-ArkTVS diodeSMB2 pinsGood-Ark

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    TVS diode
    Maker
    Good-Ark
    Package
    SMB
    Pins
    2
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, from the protected line to ground, part lifted if you can.

    Working, it reads

    A one-way part reads about 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse. A two-way part reads open both ways. Arrays with several lines read as the datasheet's diagram draws them.

    Dead, it reads

    • From the line to ground, the same reading both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted.
    • A reading both ways on a one-way part: leaky.
    • A one-way part open both ways: failed open.
    On the board
    , a line reading shorted to ground can be this part or anything else on that line. Lift it: if the short goes with it, it has failed.
    Compare:
    The same part on the next line or connector pin is the healthy reading to compare with.
    Watch for:
    A two-way part reads open both ways when it is good, exactly like one that has failed open. The meter cannot tell them apart; an identical part on the next line can.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor SMBJ170CA, opens in a new tab
  • SMBJ440CA-AUprinted FRSMBTVS diode, 2 pins, JieJieTVS diodeSMB2 pinsJieJie

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    TVS diode
    Maker
    JieJie
    Package
    SMB
    Pins
    2
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, from the protected line to ground, part lifted if you can.

    Working, it reads

    A one-way part reads about 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse. A two-way part reads open both ways. Arrays with several lines read as the datasheet's diagram draws them.

    Dead, it reads

    • From the line to ground, the same reading both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted.
    • A reading both ways on a one-way part: leaky.
    • A one-way part open both ways: failed open.
    On the board
    , a line reading shorted to ground can be this part or anything else on that line. Lift it: if the short goes with it, it has failed.
    Compare:
    The same part on the next line or connector pin is the healthy reading to compare with.
    Watch for:
    A two-way part reads open both ways when it is good, exactly like one that has failed open. The meter cannot tell them apart; an identical part on the next line can.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor SMBJ440CA-AU, opens in a new tab
  • SMF8.0Aprinted FRSOD-123FTVS diode, 2 pins, SOCAYTVS diodeSOD-123F2 pinsSOCAY

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    TVS diode
    Maker
    SOCAY
    Package
    SOD-123F
    Pins
    2
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, from the protected line to ground, part lifted if you can.

    Working, it reads

    A one-way part reads about 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse. A two-way part reads open both ways. Arrays with several lines read as the datasheet's diagram draws them.

    Dead, it reads

    • From the line to ground, the same reading both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted.
    • A reading both ways on a one-way part: leaky.
    • A one-way part open both ways: failed open.
    On the board
    , a line reading shorted to ground can be this part or anything else on that line. Lift it: if the short goes with it, it has failed.
    Compare:
    The same part on the next line or connector pin is the healthy reading to compare with.
    Watch for:
    A two-way part reads open both ways when it is good, exactly like one that has failed open. The meter cannot tell them apart; an identical part on the next line can.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor SMF8.0A, opens in a new tab
  • SMF8.0A-HFprinted FRSOD-123FTVS diode, 2 pins, ComchipTVS diodeSOD-123F2 pinsComchip

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    TVS diode
    Maker
    Comchip
    Package
    SOD-123F
    Pins
    2
    Details
    8 V 200 W unidirectional TVS diode
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, from the protected line to ground, part lifted if you can.

    Working, it reads

    A one-way part reads about 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse. A two-way part reads open both ways. Arrays with several lines read as the datasheet's diagram draws them.

    Dead, it reads

    • From the line to ground, the same reading both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted.
    • A reading both ways on a one-way part: leaky.
    • A one-way part open both ways: failed open.
    On the board
    , a line reading shorted to ground can be this part or anything else on that line. Lift it: if the short goes with it, it has failed.
    Compare:
    The same part on the next line or connector pin is the healthy reading to compare with.
    Watch for:
    A two-way part reads open both ways when it is good, exactly like one that has failed open. The meter cannot tell them apart; an identical part on the next line can.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor SMF8.0A-HF, opens in a new tab
  • T2SA1037-3L-Rprinted FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, Galaxy MicroelectronicsPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsGalaxy Microelectronics

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    Galaxy Microelectronics
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50V, -0.15A, General Purpose PNP Bipolar Transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor T2SA1037-3L-R, opens in a new tab
  • T2SA1037-Rprinted FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, Galaxy MicroelectronicsPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsGalaxy Microelectronics

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    Galaxy Microelectronics
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50V, -0.15A, General Purpose PNP Bipolar Transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor T2SA1037-R, opens in a new tab
  • T2SA1576A-Rprinted FRSOT-323PNP transistor, 3 pins, Galaxy MicroelectronicsPNP transistorSOT-3233 pinsGalaxy Microelectronics

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    Galaxy Microelectronics
    Package
    SOT-323
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50V, -0.15A, General Purpose PNP Bipolar Transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor T2SA1576A-R, opens in a new tab
  • T2SA1774-Rprinted FRSOT-523PNP transistor, 3 pins, Galaxy MicroelectronicsPNP transistorSOT-5233 pinsGalaxy Microelectronics

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    Galaxy Microelectronics
    Package
    SOT-523
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50V, -0.15A, General Purpose PNP Bipolar Transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor T2SA1774-R, opens in a new tab
  • T2SA2029-Rprinted FRSOT-723PNP transistor, 3 pins, Galaxy MicroelectronicsPNP transistorSOT-7233 pinsGalaxy Microelectronics

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    Galaxy Microelectronics
    Package
    SOT-723
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50V, -0.15A, General Purpose PNP Bipolar Transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor T2SA2029-R, opens in a new tab
  • TV02W8V0-HFprinted FRSOD-123FTVS diode, 2 pins, ComchipTVS diodeSOD-123F2 pinsComchip

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    TVS diode
    Maker
    Comchip
    Package
    SOD-123F
    Pins
    2
    Details
    8 V 200 W unidirectional TVS diode
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, from the protected line to ground, part lifted if you can.

    Working, it reads

    A one-way part reads about 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse. A two-way part reads open both ways. Arrays with several lines read as the datasheet's diagram draws them.

    Dead, it reads

    • From the line to ground, the same reading both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted.
    • A reading both ways on a one-way part: leaky.
    • A one-way part open both ways: failed open.
    On the board
    , a line reading shorted to ground can be this part or anything else on that line. Lift it: if the short goes with it, it has failed.
    Compare:
    The same part on the next line or connector pin is the healthy reading to compare with.
    Watch for:
    A two-way part reads open both ways when it is good, exactly like one that has failed open. The meter cannot tell them apart; an identical part on the next line can.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor TV02W8V0-HF, opens in a new tab
  • Z1SMA120printed FRSMAZener diode, 2 pins, Taitron ComponentsZener diodeSMA2 pinsTaitron Components

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    Zener diode
    Maker
    Taitron Components
    Package
    SMA
    Pins
    2
    Details
    SMD Zener Diodes (Two Terminals) - 1W
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range for the forward check, part lifted, red probe on the anode. A bench supply for the Zener voltage.

    Working, it reads

    About 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse on the diode range. Its Zener voltage shows only on a supply: feed it through a resistor that sets about 5 mA, cathode to positive, read quickly, and it should hold near its rated voltage.

    Dead, it reads

    • The same reading both ways round, near 0 V with a continuous beep or the same middling value: shorted.
    • Open both ways, forward too: failed open.
    • Holds well off its rated voltage on the supply test: drifted.
    • A soft knee, or a voltage that creeps on the supply test: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A meter's diode range stops at about 2 to 3 V, so almost every Zener reads open in reverse on it, good or bad; a 3 V meter may just show a 2.4 or 2.7 V part. Above about 3 V the meter cannot tell a Zener from a plain diode.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor Z1SMA120, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA1576Aprinted FRSOT-323PNP transistor, 3 pins, HXYPNP transistorSOT-3233 pinsHXY

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    HXY
    Package
    SOT-323
    Pins
    3
    Details
    PNP bipolar transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1576A, opens in a new tab
  • BTA1576S3printed FRSOT-323PNP transistor, 3 pins, CYStekPNP transistorSOT-3233 pinsCYStek

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    CYStek
    Package
    SOT-323
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -65 V, -0.15 A PNP transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor BTA1576S3, opens in a new tab
  • BTA1774C3printed FRSOT-523PNP transistor, 3 pins, CYStekPNP transistorSOT-5233 pinsCYStek

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    CYStek
    Package
    SOT-523
    Pins
    3
    Details
    -50 V, -0.15 A PNP transistor
    Source
    Manufacturer datasheet

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor BTA1774C3, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA177A-Rprinted FRSOT-4163 pins, ROHMNot recordedSOT-4163 pinsROHM

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    Not recorded
    Maker
    ROHM
    Package
    SOT-416
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Si-pnp: AF, 50V, 150mA, 200mW, B=180..390, >140MHz
    Source
    Published code list

    Is it dead?

    Diode range and ohms range, part lifted.

    Working, it reads

    Depends on what it is. The datasheet, or an identical part, says.

    Dead, it reads

    • Between two pins, the same reading both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted.
    • Open between every pair of pins: failed open, or a part that reads open when working.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

  • 2SA1034-Rprinted FRSOT-233 pins, PanNot recordedSOT-233 pinsPan

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    Not recorded
    Maker
    Pan
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Si-pnp: AF, LN, 55V, 10mA, 200mW, B=180..360, 200MHz
    Source
    Published code list

    Is it dead?

    Diode range and ohms range, part lifted.

    Working, it reads

    Depends on what it is. The datasheet, or an identical part, says.

    Dead, it reads

    • Between two pins, the same reading both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted.
    • Open between every pair of pins: failed open, or a part that reads open when working.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

  • 2SA1037AKprinted FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, ROHMPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsROHM

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    ROHM
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    PNP bipolar transistor
    Source
    Published code list

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

    Datasheetfor 2SA1037AK, opens in a new tab
  • 2SA1037AK-Rprinted FRSOT-23PNP transistor, 3 pins, ROHMPNP transistorSOT-233 pinsROHM

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    PNP transistor
    Maker
    ROHM
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    Si-pnp: AF, 50V, 150mA, 200mW, B=180..390, >140MHz
    Source
    Published code list

    Is it dead?

    Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

    Working, it reads

    Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

    Dead, it reads

    • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
    • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
    • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
    • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
    Watch for:
    A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

  • 2SA1037AKRprinted FRSOT-233 pins, ROHMNot recordedSOT-233 pinsROHM

    Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

    What it is
    Not recorded
    Maker
    ROHM
    Package
    SOT-23
    Pins
    3
    Details
    equivalent 2SA933ASQ
    Source
    Published code list

    Is it dead?

    Diode range and ohms range, part lifted.

    Working, it reads

    Depends on what it is. The datasheet, or an identical part, says.

    Dead, it reads

    • Between two pins, the same reading both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted.
    • Open between every pair of pins: failed open, or a part that reads open when working.
    On the board
    this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
    Compare:
    If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.

    A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

  • 4 more parts have no package on record
    • L2SA1774RT1Gprinted FRPNP transistor, LRCPNP transistorNot recordedNot recordedLRC

      Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

      What it is
      PNP transistor
      Maker
      LRC
      Package
      Not recorded
      Pins
      Not recorded
      Details
      Bipolar transistor, PNP, IC 150 mA, VCEO 50 V
      Source
      Manufacturer datasheet

      Is it dead?

      Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

      Working, it reads

      Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

      Dead, it reads

      • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
      • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
      • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
      • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
      On the board
      this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
      Compare:
      If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
      Watch for:
      A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

      A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

      Datasheetfor L2SA1774RT1G, opens in a new tab
    • MM5Z3V0Bprinted FRZener diode, Formosa MicrosemiZener diodeNot recordedNot recordedFormosa Microsemi

      Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

      What it is
      Zener diode
      Maker
      Formosa Microsemi
      Package
      Not recorded
      Pins
      Not recorded
      Source
      Manufacturer datasheet

      Is it dead?

      Diode range for the forward check, part lifted, red probe on the anode. A bench supply for the Zener voltage.

      Working, it reads

      About 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse on the diode range. Its Zener voltage shows only on a supply: feed it through a resistor that sets about 5 mA, cathode to positive, read quickly, and it should hold near its rated voltage.

      Dead, it reads

      • The same reading both ways round, near 0 V with a continuous beep or the same middling value: shorted.
      • Open both ways, forward too: failed open.
      • Holds well off its rated voltage on the supply test: drifted.
      • A soft knee, or a voltage that creeps on the supply test: leaky.
      On the board
      this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
      Compare:
      If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
      Watch for:
      A meter's diode range stops at about 2 to 3 V, so almost every Zener reads open in reverse on it, good or bad; a 3 V meter may just show a 2.4 or 2.7 V part. Above about 3 V the meter cannot tell a Zener from a plain diode.

      A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

      Datasheetfor MM5Z3V0B, opens in a new tab
    • MM5Z3V0B-Q1printed FRZener diode, Formosa MicrosemiZener diodeNot recordedNot recordedFormosa Microsemi

      Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

      What it is
      Zener diode
      Maker
      Formosa Microsemi
      Package
      Not recorded
      Pins
      Not recorded
      Source
      Manufacturer datasheet

      Is it dead?

      Diode range for the forward check, part lifted, red probe on the anode. A bench supply for the Zener voltage.

      Working, it reads

      About 0.6 to 0.8 V forward and open in reverse on the diode range. Its Zener voltage shows only on a supply: feed it through a resistor that sets about 5 mA, cathode to positive, read quickly, and it should hold near its rated voltage.

      Dead, it reads

      • The same reading both ways round, near 0 V with a continuous beep or the same middling value: shorted.
      • Open both ways, forward too: failed open.
      • Holds well off its rated voltage on the supply test: drifted.
      • A soft knee, or a voltage that creeps on the supply test: leaky.
      On the board
      this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
      Compare:
      If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
      Watch for:
      A meter's diode range stops at about 2 to 3 V, so almost every Zener reads open in reverse on it, good or bad; a 3 V meter may just show a 2.4 or 2.7 V part. Above about 3 V the meter cannot tell a Zener from a plain diode.

      A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

      Datasheetfor MM5Z3V0B-Q1, opens in a new tab
    • S-L2SA1774RT1Gprinted FRPNP transistor, LRCPNP transistorNot recordedNot recordedLRC

      Printed FR on the part. Easy to misread as F-R. Check that character with a loupe before you order anything.

      What it is
      PNP transistor
      Maker
      LRC
      Package
      Not recorded
      Pins
      Not recorded
      Details
      Bipolar transistor, PNP, IC 150 mA, VCEO 50 V
      Source
      Manufacturer datasheet

      Is it dead?

      Diode range, part lifted or its base leg off the pad.

      Working, it reads

      Black probe on the base reads about 0.6 to 0.75 V to the emitter and to the collector, and open the other way round. Collector to emitter reads open both ways.

      Dead, it reads

      • Collector to emitter the same both ways, near 0 V with a continuous beep: shorted. The commonest failure.
      • The base the same both ways to another pin, near 0 V or a middling value: a shorted junction.
      • Only one junction reads, or none: a junction has failed open. It then looks like a diode.
      • A reading the wrong way round, where it should be open: leaky.
      On the board
      this is a first look only: the meter reads every path between those pins, and a short can be a neighbour. Lift one leg before you condemn it.
      Compare:
      If an identical part sits elsewhere on the board, measure it the same way: that is what this one should read.
      Watch for:
      A pair of diodes with a common pin reads just like a transistor, and some transistors carry a built-in diode or resistor. The datasheet says which.

      A dead part still carries its marking. A short or an open says it has failed, not that it is a different part.

      Datasheetfor S-L2SA1774RT1G, opens in a new tab

67 more parts are not listed here. Type more of the code to narrow the list.

Did you find your part?

One code, several parts

Marking codes are not unique. In the standard code book, 6H on a SOT-23 is an NPN transistor, a varicap, an N-channel JFET, two digital transistors, a 3.6 V voltage detector: six parts from five makers. So a search shows the parts we hold under that code and under codes easily misread as it, with only the columns that tell them apart.

6Hon a SOT-23, in the code book
  • NPN transistor
  • Varicap
  • N-channel JFET
  • Digital transistor ×2
  • 3.6 V voltage detector

When more than one is left

Tap Help me choose. Up to 4 quick answers: whether the part has failed, then what separates the parts left. Those get ranked with the reasoning and a test that settles it. That uses one identification: 2 a month are free without an account, and 3 with a free account.

When you cannot read it

Tap the camera in the field. We read the characters, keep the ones we are unsure of, and search every reading. A photo too soft to read is turned back on your phone first; if it is the only one you can get, you can still send it.

Get the app

The same search on your phone, and a camera with a light, zoom and tap to focus for a marking you cannot read. Sign in with your email address to use the same account.

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